In the growth of soybean, due to the growth characteristics, it is easy to be affected by objective factors to induce pests and diseases, which affect normal growth. In addition to the northeastern region, soybean cultivation is also available in Jining, Shandong Province. It not only needs to pay attention to soybean production, but also bears the burden of soybean transportation and cultivation of high-quality soybeans throughout the country. In soybean cultivation, although cultivation technology occupies a central position, pest control work during soybean growth also needs to be highly valued. This requires strengthening research and development and innovation of pest control technology, solving ever-changing pest and disease problems according to actual conditions, and improving soybean yield and quality. . From this point of view, it is crucial to strengthen the research on soybean pests and diseases, which will help to provide reference for follow-up work.
1. The occurrence and prevention of ground tigers
1.1 Characteristics of the disease
The tigers in the ground have serious damage to the soybean roots. The larvae in the soil layer can survive the winter. During the soybean seedlings, the tiger larvae will bite the rhizomes, causing the lack of seedlings and affecting the yield. During the growth of soybean, the rhizome is lignified, the tigers feed on the roots of the pillars, the roots and stems are damaged, and the water absorption performance of the rhizomes is seriously affected, eventually leading to the water shortage of the soybean roots.
1.2 Living habits
Most of the tigers are concentrated in the sunny side of the Tianji and Ditches, which can occur twice a year. Many larvae that hatch in the autumn can go deep into the soil for winter, especially in the 7~10cm thick soil. . Under normal circumstances, in the early spring of March, the winter larvae begin to move, gradually sputum in the soil layer, develop into insects after a month, gradually fly to other places to breed, can lay eggs in May and June each year. The main spawning sites are on fallen leaves, dead branches and plant leaves. Due to the growth characteristics of the tiger, it has phototaxis, and the spring pest is the most serious.
1.3 Prevention measures
For the prevention and control of ground tigers, the preliminary forecasting work should be done well, especially in the dry season, to provide reference for follow-up work. The test method is mainly to attract moths by black light or sweet and sour liquid. The number of moths is counted every day, and the day with the highest number is the peak period. For the prediction of larvae, the number of larvae per square meter can be counted through field investigation, and targeted prevention and control can be carried out.
Agricultural control, choose the rim to reverse the way, before and after avoiding planting corn as much as possible. Before entering the winter, the land should be fully dismantled, the winter larvae should be eliminated from the source, and the field weeding work in the spring can effectively destroy the survival and reproduction environment of the tigers and improve the control effect.
Chemical control, mainly using chemistry for pest control and killing, common insecticides are trichlorfon, chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate and phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, etc. These chemicals have a prominent role in the elimination of tiger larvae. Chemical control should be carried out during the larval stage of the tiger, mainly due to the poor resistance of the larvae during this period and the low cost of control.
2. Prevention and treatment of Spodoptera litura
2.1 Characteristics of the disease
Spodoptera litura is a common crop pest. It is found in crops such as sunflower, sugar beet and soybean. Due to the omnivorous nature of this pest, the leaves are rolled up and hidden in the larvae, accompanied by larvae. Growing up, gradually eating the mesophyll, causing the leaves to produce gaps and voids, which have different degrees of inhibition on the growth of soybeans.
2.2 Living habits
The larvae can occur twice a year, and the larvae can also pass through the winter. In general, the larvae grow up in September each year, and the larvae are laid in the underground to puddle and puddle. In the second year, spawning begins in June, and larvae can be produced in a week. This poses a serious hazard to the growth of soybeans. The larvae will roll the leaves, lurk in them, and feed the leaves as food, and they will eat after the adults. Do it. The larvae fill the soil in July each year and become worms. After the adult worms in August, they lay eggs again. Adult phototaxis is prominent, larvae will escape after being shocked, and older larvae will fall off the leaves when they are scared.
2.3 Prevention methods
The control method of the larvae is the same as that of the ground tiger. The black light and the sweet and sour pot are used to trap the adult worms. The pests can also be eliminated by the Kung Fu emulsifiable concentrate and the Uranus emulsifiable spray. It is necessary to choose a good time when spraying. In most cases, it is carried out before the larva 3 years old, which can effectively reduce the larval resistance and improve the control effect.
3, red spider
3.1 Characteristics of the disease
Most of the red spider larvae are concentrated on the back of the soybean leaves, sucking the juice in the leaves, and the leaves gradually appear yellow and white spots, and then the insects are severe, and the leaves gradually wither and curl. The insect pest has a great influence on the growth of soybean, and the soybean plant is short, the pod is small, and the yield is low.
3.2 Living habits
In soybean planting, red spider is a common pest, mainly concentrated on the back of soybean leaves, which occurs mostly in October of each year. The temperature in spring gradually rises, the winter larva begins to move, and it breeds on plantain or dandelion, at 6, 7 The month was transferred to soybeans, which began to cluster in the back of soybean leaves, which jeopardized the growth of soybeans. It began to gradually decrease in August, but it should be noted that if it encounters very dry weather in June and July, it may aggravate the damage of red spiders. The degree of pests that cause pests to multiply requires high attention.
3.3 Prevention methods
Agricultural control is the most common method of pests and diseases. The main purpose is to eliminate winter pests, avoid the breeding of pests from the source, clean up the weeds in the field, and do the litter and fallen leaves treatment, and will be turned over to destroy the winter environment of pests. At the same time, we must also manage the water and fertilizer of soybean plants to ensure that the plants can grow normally and increase production.
Biological control, the natural enemies of red spiders mainly include grasshoppers, striated thrips and ladybugs. They use mutual restraint between natural enemies to eliminate pests and reduce the damage of red spiders to soybean growth.
In summary, soybean is one of the main grain and oil crops in China. For the common three pest control, it is necessary to fully work on the ground, clean up weeds and dead leaves, eliminate pests from the source, and pass natural enemies. Chemical pesticides eliminate pests.
The above is the occurrence and prevention measures of the three main pests of soybeans compiled by Huinong.com, have you learned? If you want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to the Hui Nong School!
